Short Story : The Necklace

Learning English by a short story :

The Necklace

by Guy De Maupassant

The short story "The Necklace" took place in France several hundred years ago. Mathilde Loisel lived in a flat with her husband, who worked as a clerk for the Minister of Education. Their live were not luxurious, but they were not poor, merely simple. Mathilde, however, longs to be rich. She envied her friend Jeanne who had a large house and lots of jewels.

One day her husband brought home an invitation to a ball. He thought his wife would be excited to attend such a fancy party, but instead she was upset. She complained that she had nothing suitable to wear to such an extravagant occasion. Her kind husband agreed to give her the four hundred francs that he had been saving to buy a new rifle to get herself a gown. The week of the party, Mathilde seemed anxious again. When her husband asked her why, she said that she has no jewels to wear with her dress. He suggested that perhaps she could borrow something from her friend Jeanne Forestier. Mathilde went to Jeanne's house and picked out a sparkling diamond necklace to borrow.

She and her husband attended the gala and had a fabulous time. She loved amazing and dance all night. Finally, they head home in the wee hours of the morning. When they arrived home, Mathilde realized that the necklace was missing. They wondered if it fell off in the carriage that they took home, but neither of them noticed the number. Her husband got out to search the streets but returned empty handed. Then, Mathilde wrote her friend that she was broke the clasp and was having it repaired. In the meantime, they found another necklace that matched the missing one, but it cost thirty-six thousand francs. Her husband fortunately inherited eighteen thousand francs from his father, but they needed to borrow the rest of the money. Finally, they had enough to purchase the replacement necklace and Mathilde gave it to Jeanne who didn’t even look at it.

The next ten years Mathilde's life changed dramatically. They moved to a smaller apartment where she had to cook and cleaned for herself. She also did work on the side while her husband was working multiple jobs to pay back all the money they borrowed. After the ten years, the money was all paid back, but Mathilde has aged a great deal.

One day she saw Jeanne Forestier on the street. She decided to tell her the truth about the necklace. Jeanne was stunned by Mathilde's rough appearance. Mathilde explained that it was indirectly because of Jeanne since she lost the necklace she borrowed from her and had to pay for a replacement. Shocked, Jeanne confessed that the necklace Mathilde borrowed was a fake, made of paste, worth no more than five hundred francs.

Clearly, the lesson of the story was that honesty was the best policy. If Mathilde had been honest with her friend from the start, she would have learned that the necklace wasn't made of real diamonds and would not have wasted ten years paying for a replacement. 

I. Answer the questions use    Yes she/he did   or  No she/he did n’t 

1.    1.    Did Mathilde Loisel live in a flat with her husband?
2.       Did Mathilde Loisel’s husband work at the Minister of Education?
3.       Did Mathilde Loisel bring home a ball invitation letter?
4.       Did Jeanne lend Mathilde a necklace?
5.       Did Mathilde move to the smaller apartment?
6.       Did Mathilde Loisel’s husband tell the truth about the necklace?

II. Choose the correct moral values of the story
1. Don’t be greedy.
2. Respect different cultures.
3. Don’t borrow money for unnecessary things.
4. It is not wise to live a pretentious life.

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Irma Damayanti

Blended Learning

Blended learning environments are where technology and teaching inform instruction—leading to increased student engagement and academic success. Combining classroom and virtual instruction optimizes learning. Teachers are equipped with significant resources to maximize planning and instructional time and differentiate instruction to accommodate varying proficiency levels.Some people prefer more academic definitions. Is the definition below useful in your teaching context? How does it add to the definitions given above?It is our position that blended learning should be viewed as a pedagogical approach that combines the effectiveness and socialisation opportunities of the classroom with the technologically enhanced active learning possibilities of the online environment, rather than a ratio of delivery modalities. In other words, blended learning should be approached not merely as a temporal construct but rather as a fundamental redesign of the instructional model with the following characteristics:

1.                  A shift from lecture- to student-centred instruction in which students become active and interactive learners (this shift should apply to the entire course, including the face to face contact sessions)

2.                  Increases in interaction between student-instructor, student-students, student-content, and student-outside resources

3.                  Integrated formative and summative assessment mechanisms for students and instructor

Dziuban, C. D., Hartman, J. L., & Moskal, P. D. (2004). Blended learning. EDUCAUSE Center for Applied Research Bulletin, 7(1), 12.The majority of blended-learning programs resemble one of four models: Rotation, Flex, A La Carte, and Enriched Virtual. The Rotation model includes four sub-models: Station Rotation, Lab Rotation, Flipped Classroom, and Individual Rotation.

1)      Rotation model 

a course or subject in which students rotate on a fixed schedule or at the teacher’s discretion between learning modalities, at least one of which is online learning. Other modalities might include activities such as small-group or full-class instruction, group projects, individual tutoring, and pencil-and-paper assignments. The students learn mostly on the brick-and-mortar campus, except for any homework assignments.

2)      Flex model 

a. Station Rotation — a course or subject in which students experience the Rotation model within a contained classroom or group of classrooms. The Station Rotation model differs from the Individual Rotation model because students rotate through all of the stations, not only those on their custom schedules. 

b. Lab Rotation – a course or subject in which students rotate to a computer lab for the online-learning station. 

c. Flipped Classroom – a course or subject in which students participate in online learning off-site in place of traditional homework and then attend the brick-and-mortar school for face-to-face, teacher-guided practice or projects. The primary delivery of content and instruction is online, which differentiates a Flipped Classroom from students who are merely doing homework practice online at night. 

d. Individual Rotation – a course or subject in which each student has an individualized playlist and does not necessarily rotate to each available station or modality. An algorithm or teacher(s) sets individual student schedules.

      a course or subject in which online learning is the backbone of student learning, even if it directs students to offline activities at times. Students move on an individually customized, fluid schedule among learning modalities. The teacher of record is on-site, and students learn mostly on the brick-and-mortar campus, except for any homework assignments. The teacher of record or other adults provide face-to-face support on a flexible and adaptive as-needed basis through activities such as small-group instruction, group projects, and individual tutoring. Some implementations have substantial face-to-face support, whereas others have minimal support. For example, some Flex models may have face-to-face certified teachers who supplement the online learning on a daily basis, whereas others may provide little face-to-face enrichment. Still others may have different staffing combinations. These variations are useful modifiers to describe a particular Flex model.

3)      A La Carte model 

    a course that a student takes entirely online to accompany other experiences that the student is having at a brick-and-mortar school or learning center. The teacher of record for the A La Carte course is the online teacher. Students may take the A La Carte course either on the brick-and-mortar campus or off-site. This differs from full-time online learning because it is not a whole-school experience. Students take some courses A La Carte and others face-to-face at a brick-and-mortar campus.

4)      Enriched Virtual model 

    a course or subject in which students have required face-to-face learning sessions with their teacher of record and then are free to complete their remaining coursework remote from the face-to-face teacher. Online learning is the backbone of student learning when the students are located remotely. The same person generally serves as both the online and face-to-face teacher. Many Enriched Virtual programs began as full-time online schools and then developed blended programs to provide students with brick-and-mortar school experiences. The Enriched Virtual model differs from the Flipped Classroom because in Enriched Virtual programs, students seldom meet face-to-face with their teachers every weekday. It differs from a fully online course because face-to-face learning sessions are more than optional office hours or social events; they are required.

Sources:

http://kevincorbett.com/2013/07/4-blended-learning-models/

http://educationaltechnologyguy.blogspot.com/2015/02/blended-learning-what-is-it-proscons.html

E-Learning by Irma Damayanti

A.   Definition of E-learning

E-learning consists of two parts, ie 'e' is an abbreviation of 'electronica' and 'learning' which means 'learning'. So e-learning means learning by using electronic devices aid services. So in the implementation of e-learning use of audio, video or computer device or a combination of all three.

B.   The History of E-learning

The term "e-learning" has only been in existence since 1999, when the word was first utilized at a CBT systems seminar. Long before the internet was launched, distance courses were being offered to provide students with education on particular subjects or skills. In the 1840′s Isaac Pitman taught his pupils shorthand via correspondence. This form of symbolic writing was designed to improve writing speed and was popular amongst secretaries, journalists, and other individuals who did a great deal of note taking or writing. Pitman, who was a qualified teacher, was sent completed assignments by mail and he would then send his students more work to be finished using the same system.

In 1924, the first testing machine was invented. This device allowed students to tests themselves. Then, in 1954, BF Skinner, a Harvard Professor, invented the “teaching machine”, which enabled schools to administer programmed instruction to their students. It wasn’t until 1960 however that the first computer based training program was introduced to the world. This computer based training program (or CBT program) was known as PLATO-Programmed Logic for Automated Teaching Operations. It was originally designed for students attending the University of Illinois, but ended up being used in schools throughout the area.

C.   Indonesia Higher Education E-learning Management Strategy

E-learning is a learning technology is relatively new in Indonesia. Indonesia is located between 6 º and 11 º N latitude and 95 º to 141 º BT BT is the largest archipelagic country in the world that lies between two continents, Asia and Australia with the number of 17,000 islands that stretch more or less along the 3200 miles from east to west and 1100 miles of North to South. These geographical conditions more or less become an obstacle in the dissemination of education and training services using conventional methods (face to face) to all citizens.

The main vehicle in the development of human resources is education and training. But when watching the situation geography, socio-economic and cultural diversity of Indonesia, it is clear that it was not adequate anymore (not practical) when only relying on the ways of traditional solutions alone. Therefore, various alternative strategies relating to the problem needs to explored, studied and applied. As the development of globalization there are many people aware about this especially for those whose profession is a teacher.

D.  The Advantages and Disadvantages of e-Learning

. 

 

E.Types of E- Learning

There are a number of types of e-learning that depend on the amount of physical interaction. Entirely online e-learning occurs without any face-to face interaction. Course work and materials are distributed electronically through email, websites, online forums and/or CDs or DVD-ROMs. Combined learning uses a combination of Internet-directed instruction, as well as face-to-face interaction. Most traditional colleges and universities use combined learning as students learn in physical classrooms, with instruction augmented by online lessons. For those learning for personal accomplishment, e-learning can also use a combination of e-learning types, as they can be entirely self-directed, or they can use the assistance of an expert in their selected field.

F.   Location

Because the only requirements for e-learning (in most cases) requires a computer with Internet access or a CD/DVD-ROM drive, e-learning students can learn from home, libraries, Internet cafes or any other location that has Internet access. This is why e-learning is a preferred option for those who work full time or part time and cannot afford to travel to a physical school. The ease of location with e-learning also makes it preferable to stay-at-home parents with young or special-needs children. E-learning can also save money in that e-learners do not have to pay for gas, vehicle repair or parking validation if they choose to remain at home while taking courses online. Ease of location is also beneficial to students who are home-schooled, as they can gain social interaction through online communications as well as educational materials.

G.  Pace

Another benefit to e-learning is that it is self-directed, meaning that the e-learner sets the pace of her learning. Unlike traditional methods of education, e-learning allows a student to pace her educational needs with her comfort level. This is especially true when a person chooses to use e-learning for personal accomplishment. For those seeking a professional degree, there may be requirements and course work that must be completed by a certain time, but these deadlines are usually more flexible than the requirements made at traditional learning institutions.

F. Drawbacks

The most controversial aspect of e-learning is for those who are seeking professional degrees. Some online learning institutions may not meet the academic standards set forth by private accreditation organizations. Accreditation standards are used to confirm a learning institution’s academic quality. This does not mean that an online institution that is not accredited has poor academic quality, but it can cause problems when an e-learner seeks to transfer credits from an online institution to a traditional educational facility. Another drawback to e-learning is that it can be difficult for individuals who are not primarily self-motivated. While self-directed learning has been appropriately praised for its versatility, it can be a trap for those who need the external motivations physical classrooms and instructors can provide.

H.  Cost

E-learning has also been praised as a lower-cost option for those seeking additional education. Costs for individual classes and learning institutions vary depending on location, degree or type of program, and area of study. Online universities generally charge the same way traditional universities do, by charging per credit hour. But also like traditional universities, scholarships, grants, and student loans are available as well. See the Resources list below for sites with information about e-learning costs by discipline and degree desired.

Bibliography :

1.  http://www.talentlms.com/elearning/

2.  http://www.ehow.com/about_4788168_what-purpose-elearning.html

3.  http://www.go2web20.net/#tag:e-learning

4 .http://www.optimussourcing.com/learninghintsandtips/the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-elearning

5. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140715064821-11282346-indonesia-higher-education-e-learning-management-strategy